You add red to a blue base toner when pre-lightened hair is pale yellow because red + blue = violet, and violet neutralizes yellow to create a natural, balanced tone without greenish results.

Correct: Option d - Moist heat - Saturated steam provides moist heat, which is effective for sterilization by denaturing proteins.

Correct: Option B - 12.5% is the correct percentage based on standard dilution.

Correct: Option A - The firmness of the curl

Use the cushions or pads of the fingers when massaging and lathering during shampoo. The pads provide effective pressure to distribute product and increase scalp circulation without scratching or injuring the skin. Fingernails can cause abrasions and discomfort, while palms or thumbs do not provide the same focused action.

Tapering and thinning remove bulk and weight from the hair shaft, lowering resistance to shape and allowing waves or finger wave patterns to hold more easily. Heavy, blunt hair resists molding because mass pulls styles down, so tapered and thinned hair is generally easier to wave and style.

Covered containers prevent contamination and evaporation, essential for all cosmetics (creams, liquids, lotions) to maintain efficacy and safety. Storing only creams or liquids excludes other forms, while all cosmetics encompasses the broadest category, aligning with hygiene standards in professional settings.

In galvanic electrotherapy the negative electrode induces an alkaline reaction at the skin surface while the positive electrode produces an acidic reaction. The positive pole acidifies the area and is therefore best described as producing an acidic reaction in contrast to the negative pole's alkaline effect.

The hard rubber comb acts as a heat barrier so the iron does not contact skin, preventing scalp burns while still allowing close placement and tension. It is not for protecting hair, increasing glide, or preventing hair burning which is controlled by temperature and time.

Correct: Option C - On the skin.

Correct: Option A - Burning scalp

Correct: Option B - Keep low electricity.

Correct: Option D - The clippers from being rusty

A thorough rinse for at least three minutes removes residual waving solution and dilutes remaining chemicals, preventing continued reducing action. It also helps reintroduce oxygen and prepares the hair structure so the neutralizer can rebond disulfide links effectively, resulting in a safer, more predictable neutralization and better hair integrity.

Correct: Option D - Brittle

Correct: Option A - 12" from the skin is the correct adjustment for shorter rays.

Correct: Option a - Blunt cutting - Blunt cutting trims straight across to remove damaged ends without causing further splitting.

Correct: Option B - Soften and slightly bleach the hair

Correct: Option B - Under development product

Correct: Option D - Physical change.

A razor is designed to be used on damp or wet hair to reduce friction and prevent tearing. Clippers and trimmers are primarily for dry hair and edging, while shears can cut wet hair but the technique specifically associated with wet shaping in state board style questions is the razor.

Correct: Option D - Chemical change.

Waving lotion that runs toward the scalp can be accelerated by body heat and cause overprocessing or irritation. Applying the lotion a safer distance from the scalp, typically between one half inch and one inch, reduces runoff and direct thermal acceleration at the scalp while still allowing the lotion to act on the hair shaft.

Correct: Option C - 18 hours – 24 hours is the standard period for a skin test.

Correct: Option B - Apply neutralizer to the skin.

Correct: Option B - Height of body.

Correct: Option B - Matrix is the correct term for the area where nail growth occurs.

Because the thigh muscles do the main lifting work — emphasizing safe body mechanics and protecting the back

Club cutting also called blunt cutting creates a clean straight line at the ends. It is the classic technique used in nape work with the hand held flat against the neck. Tapering and slithering remove weight by graduating or thinning, and razor cutting leaves softer tapered ends rather than a blunt edge.

Correct: Option A - Less heat and less pressure

Correct: Option A - Oxidation

Traditional nail whitener is a paste applied under the free edge to create an opaque white appearance and stay in place during wear. Liquids and oils lack sufficient hiding power, and loose powder does not adhere without a binder.

Correct: Option c - Occupies spaces - This is the fundamental definition of matter.

Chemically relaxed curly hair can become fragile and prone to breakage. Scissors offer the most controlled, gentle cutting action and allow the stylist to remove damage safely with precise sectioning and point cutting. Clippers or razors can exert more mechanical stress or slicing action that may worsen fragile hair condition.

Correct: Option D - Help prevent hair from burning or scorching

Proper handwashing time is at least 20 seconds to remove dirt, oils, and most transient microorganisms effectively. This is a standard hygiene guideline in both cosmetology and healthcare settings to maintain sanitation. Less time may not adequately break down and rinse away contaminants.

<div>Explanation:</div><div>During a permanent wave (perm) process, the solution can drip and saturate the cotton band placed around the client’s hairline. If this cotton becomes too wet, it can allow the chemicals to run down onto the skin, causing chemical burns or irritation.</div><div><br></div><div>Therefore, the technician should:</div><div>Remove and replace the saturated cotton band immediately to prevent chemical contact with the skin.</div><div><br></div><div>(Optional additional step): Applying a protective base (barrier cream) around the hairline before starting the process also helps, but the key action during the process to avoid chemical burns is removing the saturated cotton band.</div>

Buffing with pumice powder gently abrades high spots in the keratin layers to level the plate. Creams and oils only condition and do not remove ridges, and polish remover is a solvent that can dehydrate and worsen surface irregularities.

Correct: Option A - Green cast.

Correct: Option D - The side of the head

Correct: Option D - Slithering

Correct: Option B - Achieves yellow color.

Correct: Option B - Lighten the hair

A smooth taper needs small progressive changes. The difference between neighboring lengths should stay within about half an inch to avoid steps or ridges. A quarter inch may be overly strict, while one inch or more creates visible demarcation.

Correct: Option D - Hypertrichosis or hirsuties.

Correct: Option C - Protect the scalp from the strong chemical.

Correct: Option B - 90%

Carpals are small gliding bones typically categorized as short bones rather than flat or round. Given the choices irregular shape is the best available classification and distinguishes them from flat bones like the scapula.

Correct: Option c - Skin test - A patch test on the skin checks for allergic reactions or irritation.

Correct: Option a - Revert - The moisture and heat cause pressed hair to revert to its natural curly state.

Excessive hydrogen peroxide swells and damages the cuticle layer, breaking down the protein structure and increasing porosity. Overuse strips natural oils and structural components, making the hair more porous and fragile. It does not make the hair resistant, nor does it decrease porosity or cause keratinization in this context.

When hair is resistant, it means the cuticle layer is very tight, making it difficult for color or tint to penetrate evenly.

Before tinting, you want to even out the porosity so the color absorbs uniformly along the hair shaft.

Why “Cream or oil bleach” is correct:

Cream or oil bleach can be used as a pre-softening or pre-lightening treatment.

It slightly lifts (opens) the cuticle layer without fully bleaching the hair.

This makes the hair more porous and receptive to color, ensuring that tint or dye will take evenly.

Correct: Option d - Decrease oil - This helps control oil production on the skin.

Correct: Option B - Closing the scissors & facing the cosmetologist.

Correct: Option d - Rectifier - This device converts AC to DC.

Seborrhea results from overactive sebaceous glands leading to excess sebum and greasy scales especially on the scalp nose and forehead. Acne vulgaris and acne simplex are primarily inflammatory and comedonal conditions while acne rosacea is a vascular disorder with flushing and telangiectasia. The hallmark here is oiliness and scaling which defines seborrhea.

Correct: Option D - Red.

Correct: Option A - Shampooed

Correct: Option A - Close to the scalp.

Correct: Option D - Alopecia areata.

Correct: Option B - Irritations scalp

Correct: Option b - Nucleus - The nucleus contains the genetic material necessary for cell reproduction.

Correct: Option b - Acid - Aniline tint at pH 9.5 is slightly alkaline, but the question implies comparison with pure water (pH 7), and the context suggests a misunderstanding; however, based on standard definitions, it's not typically acid.

Correct: Option B - Red pigments.

Correct: Option c - Cataphoresis - This process uses galvanic current to introduce acidic substances.

Correct: Option c - Early - Secondary lesions often appear in the early stages as the disease progresses.

Correct: Option B - Hair breakage is a common result of tight fastening.

Correct: Option D - Height

Vacuum suction helps mobilize sebum and loosen comedones for extraction and is therefore used on blemished or acne prone skin. It may be irritating for dry or aging skin and is unnecessary on normal skin. Small sectional use helps avoid bruising and over stimulation.

Correct: Option C - 4.5 – 5.5.

Correct: Option c - Inactive stage - Spores are a dormant, resistant form where bacteria are inactive.

Correct: Option d - Microcomedone - This is the initial clogged pore that can develop into inflammatory acne.

In razor tapering, removal per stroke is controlled by the blade angle relative to the hair shaft. A shallow angle removes little, a steeper angle removes more. Density, razor style, and texture influence technique choice but not the immediate amount removed by a single stroke.

A keratoma also called a callus is a localized thickening of the stratum corneum produced by repeated friction or pressure. Chloasma is hyperpigmentation from hormonal influences lentigines are freckles and leucoderma is a loss of pigment. Only keratoma matches a thickened patch from friction.

Correct: Option B - Easier to take care of the dripping.

When performing a touch-up, color should be applied starting about 1/16 inch away from the tinted hair to avoid overlapping onto previously colored hair. Overlapping can cause uneven color and damage. Applying too far away would leave a gap, and applying directly on tinted hair causes overprocessing.

<p>Why Oil Is Used:</p><p>Oil acts as an insulator and barrier.</p><p>It prevents the alkaline solution (which can be caustic) from directly touching the skin.</p><p>It reduces irritation or chemical burns caused by the galvanic current or the alkaline product.</p><p>It also helps the electrode glide smoothly on the skin’s surface.</p><p>In other words:</p><p>When the anode (positive electrode) pulls the alkaline ions from the negative electrode through the skin, the current can dry or irritate the skin.</p><p>Applying oil before the procedure protects and conditions the skin barrier from that reaction.</p>

Detailing at the neckline is most precise with point cutting using the tips of the scissors. This allows controlled removal and soft blending. Clippers can leave hard lines, thinning shears are for interior bulk removal, and full blade scissor cutting lacks edge precision.

Astringents are mildly acidic solutions typically pH 3 to 5 that cause tissue contraction and temporary pore tightening. Cassia oil and lavender are essential oils rather than acids and almond is a food containing fats and proteins. Therefore the item that has an acidic character is an astringent.

Blunt cutting is a one length technique. The comb supports and projects the hair while the shears cut a straight line. Fingers are used for layered or graduated work, clips only section hair, and the scissor blade does not hold the hair.

Curl size in a permanent wave is determined primarily by the diameter of the rod used. Smaller rods produce tighter curls and larger rods produce looser waves. Product type affects processing strength and time, and density or elasticity affect response, but rod size sets the finished curl size.

Moistening provides lubrication so the metal pusher glides without scratching the nail plate. This has nothing to do with circulation, the nail mantle, or visibility of the lunula.

In older cosmetology texts microbe refers mainly to bacteria which are single celled organisms. Each microorganism is one cell that reproduces by binary fission, so only one cell makes up a microbe.

For virgin sodium hydroxide relaxers apply to the most resistant mid shaft first keeping product off the scalp and porous ends initially. Heat at the scalp speeds processing and ends absorb fastest, so starting about one half inch away prevents over processing and breakage; scalp and ends are addressed last to even out the result.

Correct: Option D - Good conductor and can make a shock

After carefully trimming a hangnail, cuticle oil softens and rehydrates the surrounding skin, reducing splitting and the chance of infection. Naphtha soap is harsh, boric acid is an antiseptic not an emollient, and polish remover dehydrates tissue.

Soft wax efficiently removes hair over broad regions such as legs arms and back. Tweezing and electric tweezers are slow and suited for small localized areas. Bleaching agents only lighten hair color and do not remove it.

Parasites depend on a living host for nutrients and reproduction which fits pathogenic bacteria that grow only in living tissue. Pimples boils and pus are conditions or byproducts of infection not organisms.

Correct: Option A - Under cut is the correct technique.

A predisposition test for lash adhesive must be performed at least 24 hours before application to detect delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Waiting only minutes is insufficient to reveal a true allergic response.

Neutralizer stops the chemical reducing action by re-oxidizing the broken disulfide bonds and reforming them into their new curled shape. It effectively 'rebonds' or 'locks in' the curl pattern established by the waving solution. Relaxing curled hair would undo the wave, and softening or closing the cuticle are secondary outcomes but not the main chemical purpose.

Correct: Option c - Mantle - The mantle refers to the proximal nail fold, which is skin, not part of the nail itself.

Correct: Option B - Frizzy curls

The matrix is the living tissue that produces the nail plate; its front visible portion appears as the lunula. The eponychium is the proximal fold cuticle area and the hyponychium is under the free edge.

Correct: Option D - Spiral curl

Correct: Option C - Water

Correct: Option D - Spray this area with cool water

Half lift half deposit services use a mid strength developer near the classic twenty volume range that both slightly lifts and deposits. Among the choices provided twenty is not listed and twenty five volume is the closest match; five is too weak for lift, fifteen is mostly deposit, and thirty five is a high lift choice.

When applying bleach, thin and even subsections ensure complete and even saturation of product. A 1/8 inch subsection is recommended to allow the bleach to penetrate uniformly without missing interior sections. Larger subsections may lead to patchy lightening and uneven lift.

The nail body also called the nail plate is the visible hard keratin that sits on the nail bed. The free edge extends beyond the fingertip, the lunula is the pale half moon at the base, and the nail root is under the skin within the matrix.